Immunizations work by helping your immune system recognize and quickly attack diseases before they can cause problems. Some immunizations are given in a single shot while others require several shots over a period of time. Childhood immunizations protect against pertussis (whooping cough), polio, measles, mumps, rubella, haemophilus influenza, and hepatitis B. Immunizations also protect against tetanus and diphtheria, although booster shots are needed every 10 years to maintain lifelong protection.If your children are immunized, these serious illnesses will not be a problem. Schedule your child’s immunizations according to the chart There is no need to delay immunizations because of colds or other minor illnesses. Be sure to keep good records. Children often need to show immunization records at school.

Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus (OPT)

Infectious diseases like diphtheria and pertussis were major killers before the DPT vaccine was developed. This vaccine also protects against tetanus (”lockjaw”), a bacterial infection that can result when a wound is contaminated. The bacteria enter the body through cuts and thrive only in the absence of oxygen. So, the deeper and narrower the wound, the greater the possibility of tetanus. With proper immunization, these diseases are rare. Childhood immunizations for these diseases are given together with a series of shots starting at age two months. Follow the DPT guidelines. The first booster is given around age 15. After that, get a Td (tetanus and diphtheria) booster every 10 years. Keeping up to date with Td boosters is important because tetanus can be fatal. If it has been at least five years since your last shot, and you have a wound (especially a puncture wound) that is very dirty or that you suspect may be contaminated, get a Td booster. Otherwise there is no need for more frequent vaccinations because this increases the risk of an uncomfortable local reaction.

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